Difference between revisions of "Rockpi4/install/NVME"

Revision as of 07:30, 17 September 2020

English

    ROCK Pi 4 >  Install >  Install on M.2 NVME SSD

1 Prerequisites
2 Step 1 Install ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image to SPI Flash
- 2.1 Method One: Write image to SPI flash from USB OTG port
- 2.2 Method Two: Write image to SPI flash using mtd tool
3 Step 2 Install ROCK Pi 4 system image to M.2 NVME SSD
- 3.1 Use Etcher APP
- 3.2 Use tool command "dd"
4 Step 3 Test M.2 NVME SSD booting from SPI Flash
5 Step 4 Enable PCIe Gen2 mode to get max speed
6 FAQs
7 Change log
- 7.1 uboot-trust-spi-20190816_1128.img
8 Troubleshooting

It is exciting that, on ROCK Pi 4, NVME is able to boot from SPI Flash. Here is the tutorial about the Linux system running on M.2 NVME SSD.

This tutorial applies to ROCK Pi 4A, ROCK Pi 4B, and ROCK Pi 4C.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need:

A well-running ROCK Pi with eMMC or Micro SD Card

Linux system image for ROCK Pi 4

SPI Flash image (ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image)

SPI Flash IC on ROCK Pi 4
- Single power supply voltage range: 2.7~3.6V
- Space: at least 4MB

M.2 NVME SSD with M.2 NVMe SSD Reader Adapter
- Support brand: HP (HP SSD EX900 M.2 250GB), Intel, MaxMemory, KingSpec, etc

Step 1 Install ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image to SPI Flash

There are two methods to install the u-boot image to SPI Flash. But before you do that, you need to have an SPI Flash IC on your board.

Check if there is an SPI flash on ROCK Pi 4 board. See SPI Flash.

Method One: Write image to SPI flash from USB OTG port

Firstly, remove booting devices such as uSD card, eMMC, and M.2 NVME SSD from ROCK Pi 4.

Secondly, get ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image from here . Select the target files, called uboot-trust-spi.img and rk3399_loader_spinor_v1.15.114.bin .

Thirdly, follow Write image to SPI flash from USB OTG port to flash image.

Finally, we can see that red(or blue) led is always on.

Method Two: Write image to SPI flash using mtd tool

This method requires a running system ( Ubuntu Server or Debian Desktop ) on ROCK Pi 4 board. So now power on the ROCK Pi 4. Maybe your ROCK Pi system is running on eMMC module or uSD card. It is OK.

Firstly, add Radxa APT source. The latest version of u-boot and kernel is still in testing.

For Debian stretch

 $ export DISTRO=stretch-testing # update more frequently but maybe unstable
 $ echo "deb http://apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/ stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-radxa-com.list

or Ubuntu server

 $ export DISTRO=bionic-testing # update more frequently but maybe unstable
 $ echo "deb http://apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/ bionic main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-radxa-com.list

Get the pub key

 $ wget -O -  apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/public.key | sudo apt-key add -

Update APT

 $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Install necessary packages

 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-fstab
 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-overlay
 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4-dtbo
 $ sudo apt-get install -y linux-4.4-latest # Will update kernel

Update u-boot in uSD card or eMMC:

for ROCK Pi 4A

 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4a-rk-u-boot-latest

for ROCK Pi 4B

 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4b-rk-u-boot-latest

for ROCK Pi 4C

 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4c-rk-u-boot-latest

Screen shows

 ...
 You are currently running on board:
 ROCK PI 4B 
 There will be two steps that you have to confirm. One is upgrading bootloader on SPI Flash.
 The other is upgrading bootloader on eMMC or uSD card.
 
 Step one: upgrade bootloader on SPI Flash
 Boot device, SPI Flash, is not found. Make sure there is one SPI Flash on board.
 You can install package rockpi4-dtbo later manually and uncomment three lines in file /boot/hw_intfc.conf.
 intfc:uart4=off
 intfc:spi1=on
 intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash
 After restarting the Pi, execute command, /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh.

 Step two: upgrade bootloader on uSD card or eMMC.
 Boot device, uSD card or eMMC, is found. Would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
 If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.

Just type Y or y.

 y
 Backup bootloader on boot device (/dev/mmcblk1p2).
 8192+0 records in
 8192+0 records out
 4194304 bytes (4.2 MB, 4.0 MiB) copied, 0.107356 s, 39.1 MB/s
 Overwrite bootloader to boot device (/dev/mmcblk1p2).
 2048+0 records in
 2048+0 records out
 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB, 1.0 MiB) copied, 0.140072 s, 7.5 MB/s
 Done.

Edit file /boot/hw_intfc.conf. Make sure the following configuration are there:

 intfc:uart4=off
 intfc:spi1=on
 intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash

Reboot the machine.

After login, there is a device /dev/mtd0.

 $ ls /dev/mtd*
 /dev/mtd0  /dev/mtd0ro  /dev/mtdblock0

Execute command

 $ sudo /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh

Screen shows

 You are currently running on board:
 ROCK PI 4B 
 There will be two steps that you have to confirm. One is upgrading bootloader on SPI Flash.
 The other is upgrading bootloader on eMMC or uSD card.
 
 Step one: upgrade bootloader on SPI Flash
 One boot device, SPI Flash, is found, would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
 The installation would cost several minutes.
 If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.

Just type Y or y.

 y
 Overwrite bootloader to SPI Flash device.
 Writing /dev/mtd0 with content of /usr/lib/u-boot-rockpi4b/spi/uboot-trust-spi.img
 Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 3ff000 -- 100 % complete 
 Writing data to block 0 at offset 0x0
 Writing data to block 1 at offset 0x1000
 Writing data to block 2 at offset 0x2000
 Writing data to block 3 at offset 0x3000
 Writing data to block 4 at offset 0x4000
 ...
 Writing data to block 1020 at offset 0x3fc000
 Writing data to block 1021 at offset 0x3fd000
 Writing data to block 1022 at offset 0x3fe000
 Writing data to block 1023 at offset 0x3ff000
 
 Step two: upgrade bootloader on uSD card or eMMC
 Boot device, uSD card or eMMC, is found. Would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
 If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.

Type N or n.

 n
 Do not overwrite bootloader to uSD card or eMMC device.
 You can upgrade it by executing /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh later.
 Done.

Step 2 Install ROCK Pi 4 system image to M.2 NVME SSD

It is convenient to install a system image to M.2 NVME SSD. System images used include Ubuntu Server and Debian Desktop.

Put the M.2 NVME SSD into M.2 NVMe SSD Reader Adapter, and then insert them to PC.

When they are ready, use tool command dd or APP Etcher to install system image to M.2 NVME SSD.

Use Etcher APP

Click here.

Use tool command "dd"

Get your NVME SSD device path:

   sudo fdisk -l

You can see the output message just like this:

   Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors             #The '/dev/nvme0n1' is your NVME SSD device path
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes                                           
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes                           
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Write Image:

   sudo dd if='your image path' of='your NVME SSD device path' bs=1M             
   #such as: sudo dd if=rockpi4-debian-stretch-desktop-arm64-20190710_1940-gpt.img of=/dev/nvme0n1 bs=1M

Step 3 Test M.2 NVME SSD booting from SPI Flash

Power off ROCK Pi 4, remove eMMC module or uSD Card from ROCK Pi 4 since there is a system image in eMMC module or uSD Card.

Insert M.2 NVME SSD into ROCK Pi 4.

Power on ROCK Pi 4 and the system runs on M.2 NVME SSD. Now we need to check out some important information.

Use lsusb to see whether the fourth partition is mounted on /boot directory. If not, just install package, rockchip-fstab, which will add the following lines in file /etc/fstab. If the contents of /etc/fstab are incorrect, just modify it. Then execute sudo mount -a.

The contents of files /etc/fstab.

 # UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
 # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
 #
 # <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
 
 /dev/nvme0n1p4  /boot   vfat    defaults        0       2

lsblk should show like this when the system runs on M.2 NVMEE SSD.

 root@linaro-alip:/boot# lsblk
 NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
 nvme0n1     259:0    0 232.9G  0 disk 
 ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0   3.9M  0 part 
 ├─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0     4M  0 part 
 ├─nvme0n1p3 259:3    0     4M  0 part 
 ├─nvme0n1p4 259:4    0   112M  0 part /boot
 └─nvme0n1p5 259:5    0 232.8G  0 part /

Since the fourth partition, /dev/nvme0n1p4, is mounted on /boot directory. Now you need to update necessary u-boot and kernel packages.

 $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-overlay
 $ sudo apt-get install -y linux-4.4-latest rockpi4-dtbo rockpi4b-rk-u-boot-latest

Modify file, /boot/hw_intfc.conf. Uncomment these lines. Thus we can use SPI Flash device (/dev/mtd0)

intfc:uart4=off
intfc:spi1=on
intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash

Reboot the Pi.

Step 4 Enable PCIe Gen2 mode to get max speed

By default, the PCIe of ROCK Pi 4 runs on Gen1 mode for the most capability. Once you confirm that your NVMe works well you can try to enable the PCIe gen2 mode to get the max speed of NVMe(reading/writing > 1000MB/s).

To enable PCIe gen2 mode, make sure you are booting on NVMe as rootfs and /boot is mounted:

     ├─nvme0n1p4 259:4    0   112M  0 part /boot

edit /boot/hw_intfc.conf, uncomment the line:

   intfc:dtoverlay=pcie-gen2

save and reboot. You should have a higher speed on NVMe.

FAQs

u-boot supporting NVME booting version
- 2017.09-2676-g4490220395 (or newer)

kernel version
- 4.4.154-90-rockchip-ga14f6502e045 (or newer)

rockpi4-dtbo version
- 4 (or newer)

Debug log

 rock@ubuntu:~$ ls /dev/mtd*
 /dev/mtd0  /dev/mtd0ro  /dev/mtdblock0
 
 rock@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/mtd 
 dev:    size   erasesize  name
 mtd0: 00400000 00001000 "loader"
 
 rock@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmesg | grep spi  
 [sudo] password for rock: 
 [    2.227001] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: Failed to request TX DMA channel
 [    2.227587] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: Failed to request RX DMA channel
 [    2.228171] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: no high_speed pinctrl state
 [    2.229257] m25p80 spi32766.0: xt25f32b (4096 Kbytes)
 [    2.229715] 1 ofpart partitions found on MTD device spi32766.0
 [    2.230273] Creating 1 MTD partitions on "spi32766.0":

Verified SPI Flash
- W25Q64FV
- GD25Q127CSIG
- XT25F32B
- XT25F128B

How to know that the image has been successfully installed to SPI Flash?
- For the newest version of u-boot, when it runs, the red(or blue) led is on.
- You can remove booting devices such as uSD card, eMMC module, and so on. Power on ROCK Pi 4 with SPI Flash on board to see if the red(or blue) led is on. If yes, it means that you make it.

Check if there is an SPI flash on ROCK Pi 4 board. See SPI Flash.

Change log

uboot-trust-spi-20190816_1128.img

Check
- md5sum: 45e8f258d8fcdf3c2d5571b37c30716c
- sha256sum: 7f453ccd2009df3b6aaa2ab37b465f78cdd5962c665726651c86237a8b041095
Support MS Dos(MBR) partition table
Support Armbian system image for ROCK Pi 4.

Troubleshooting

If you have an issue, start a new post on the forum. https://forum.radxa.com/

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
      [[rockpi4 | ROCK Pi 4]] > [[rockpi4/install | Install]] > [[rockpi4/install/NVME | Install on M.2 NVME SSD]]
-====Step1: Requirements ====
+__TOC__
-This page describe how to download and install the image on a M.2 NVME SSD and boot on ROCK Pi 4. You need at least the following.
+It is exciting that, on ROCK Pi 4, NVME is able to boot from SPI Flash. Here is the tutorial about the Linux system running on M.2 NVME SSD.
-* ROCK Pi 4 board with power supply
+This tutorial applies to ROCK Pi 4A, ROCK Pi 4B, and ROCK Pi 4C.
-* A M.2 NVME SSD
-*  A PC/laptop running Windows or Linux or MacOS who has M.2 port
-====Step 2: Download necessary tools and image ====
+== Prerequisites ==
-* Etcher is the tool we use to write image. Download the right Etcher for your PC from [[Rockpi4/downloads]] page and install it. Check [[https://www.balena.io/etcher/ Etcher website]] for more info about Etcher.
+To follow this tutorial, you will need:
-* Choose the image you want to install from [[Rockpi4/downloads]] page and unzip it. The unzipped image name is like below:
-    rockpi4_debian_stretch_lxde_armhf_20181105_2120-gpt.img
+* A well-running ROCK Pi with eMMC or Micro SD Card
-We will use it for the writing.
+* Linux system image for ROCK Pi 4
-====Step 3: Write the image to M.2 NVME SSD and run system on it====
+* SPI Flash image (ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image)
-. Insert the M.2 NVME SSD to host computer.
+* SPI Flash IC on ROCK Pi 4
+** Single power supply voltage range: '''2.7~3.6V'''
+** Space: at least '''4MB'''
-. Run the application, for example,  by executing the command on Ubuntu 16.04:
+* M.2 NVME SSD with M.2 NVMe SSD Reader Adapter
+** Support brand: HP (HP SSD EX900 M.2 250GB), Intel, MaxMemory, KingSpec, etc
-    $ /bin/bash etcher-etcher-electron-1.4.5-x86_64.AppImage
+== Step 1 Install ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image to SPI Flash ==
-. In the etcher window, we click button Select image.
+There are two methods to install the u-boot image to SPI Flash. But before you do that, you need to have an SPI Flash IC on your board.
-[[File:linux_etcher_select_image.png]]
+Check if there is an SPI flash on ROCK Pi 4 board. See [[rockpi4/hardware/spi_flash | SPI Flash]].
-. In the etcher window, we click button Select Drive.
+=== Method One: Write image to SPI flash from USB OTG port ===
-[[File:linux_etcher_select_driver.png]]
+Firstly, remove booting devices such as uSD card, eMMC, and M.2 NVME SSD from ROCK Pi 4.
-. In the etcher window, we click button Flash.
+Secondly, get ROCK Pi 4 u-boot image from [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/loader/spi here] . Select the target files, called uboot-trust-spi.img and rk3399_loader_spinor_v1.15.114.bin .
-[[File:linux_etcher_select_flash_button.png]]
+Thirdly, follow [[rockpi4/dev/spi-install | Write image to SPI flash from USB OTG port]] to flash image.
-. In the etcher window, it shows us Flash Complete!
+Finally, we can see that red(or blue) led is always on.
-[[File:linux_etcher_show_complete.png]]
+=== Method Two: Write image to SPI flash using mtd tool ===
-Done! Now you have successfully installed the OS image on M.2 NVME SSD.
+This method requires a running system ( [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/ubuntu/rockpi4b-ubuntu-bionic-minimal-20190104_2101-gpt.img.gz Ubuntu Server] or [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/debian/rockpi4_debian_stretch_lxde_armhf_20181105_2120-gpt.img.gz Debian Desktop] ) on ROCK Pi 4 board. So now power on the ROCK Pi 4. Maybe your ROCK Pi system is running on eMMC module or uSD card. It is OK.
-You also use dd command to write image to M.2 NVME SSD too.
+Firstly, add Radxa APT source. The latest version of u-boot and kernel is still in testing.
-*Write the image to M.2 NVME SSD using dd command.
+For Debian stretch
-    sudo dd if=rockpi4_debian_stretch_lxde_armhf_20181105_2120-gpt.img of=/dev/(your M.2 NVME SSD name)
+  $ export DISTRO=stretch-testing # update more frequently but maybe unstable
+  $ echo "deb http://apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/ stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-radxa-com.list
-And then you can run system on M.2 NVME SSD, if you don't known what to do click [https://wiki.radxa.com/Rockpi4/Linux_system_runs_on_M.2_NVME_SSD here]
+or Ubuntu server
+  $ export DISTRO=bionic-testing # update more frequently but maybe unstable
+  $ echo "deb http://apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/ bionic main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-radxa-com.list
+Get the pub key
+  $ wget -O -  apt.radxa.com/$DISTRO/public.key | sudo apt-key add -
+Update APT
+  $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
+Install necessary packages
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-fstab
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-overlay
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4-dtbo
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y linux-4.4-latest # Will update kernel
+Update u-boot in uSD card or eMMC:
+for ROCK Pi 4A
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4a-rk-u-boot-latest
+for ROCK Pi 4B
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4b-rk-u-boot-latest
+for ROCK Pi 4C
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4c-rk-u-boot-latest
+Screen shows
+  ...
+  You are currently running on board:
+  ROCK PI 4B
+  There will be two steps that you have to confirm. One is upgrading bootloader on SPI Flash.
+  The other is upgrading bootloader on eMMC or uSD card.
+  Step one: upgrade bootloader on SPI Flash
+  Boot device, SPI Flash, is not found. Make sure there is one SPI Flash on board.
+  You can install package rockpi4-dtbo later manually and uncomment three lines in file /boot/hw_intfc.conf.
+  intfc:uart4=off
+  intfc:spi1=on
+  intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash
+  After restarting the Pi, execute command, /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh.
+  Step two: upgrade bootloader on uSD card or eMMC.
+  Boot device, uSD card or eMMC, is found. Would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
+  If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.
+Just type '''Y''' or '''y'''.
+  y
+  Backup bootloader on boot device (/dev/mmcblk1p2).
++0 records in
++0 records out
+  4194304 bytes (4.2 MB, 4.0 MiB) copied, 0.107356 s, 39.1 MB/s
+  Overwrite bootloader to boot device (/dev/mmcblk1p2).
++0 records in
++0 records out
+  1048576 bytes (1.0 MB, 1.0 MiB) copied, 0.140072 s, 7.5 MB/s
+  Done.
+Edit file '''/boot/hw_intfc.conf'''. Make sure the following configuration are there:
+  intfc:uart4=off
+  intfc:spi1=on
+  intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash
+Reboot the machine.
+After login, there is a device '''/dev/mtd0'''.
+  $ ls /dev/mtd*
+  /dev/mtd0  /dev/mtd0ro  /dev/mtdblock0
+Execute command
+  $ sudo /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh
+Screen shows
+  You are currently running on board:
+  ROCK PI 4B
+  There will be two steps that you have to confirm. One is upgrading bootloader on SPI Flash.
+  The other is upgrading bootloader on eMMC or uSD card.
+  Step one: upgrade bootloader on SPI Flash
+  One boot device, SPI Flash, is found, would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
+  The installation would cost several minutes.
+  If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.
+Just type '''Y''' or '''y'''.
+  y
+  Overwrite bootloader to SPI Flash device.
+  Writing /dev/mtd0 with content of /usr/lib/u-boot-rockpi4b/spi/uboot-trust-spi.img
+  Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 3ff000 -- 100 % complete
+  Writing data to block 0 at offset 0x0
+  Writing data to block 1 at offset 0x1000
+  Writing data to block 2 at offset 0x2000
+  Writing data to block 3 at offset 0x3000
+  Writing data to block 4 at offset 0x4000
+  ...
+  Writing data to block 1020 at offset 0x3fc000
+  Writing data to block 1021 at offset 0x3fd000
+  Writing data to block 1022 at offset 0x3fe000
+  Writing data to block 1023 at offset 0x3ff000
+  Step two: upgrade bootloader on uSD card or eMMC
+  Boot device, uSD card or eMMC, is found. Would you like to upgrade bootloader on it?
+  If yes, type Y/y. If no, type N/n.
+Type '''N''' or '''n'''.
+  n
+  Do not overwrite bootloader to uSD card or eMMC device.
+  You can upgrade it by executing /usr/local/sbin/rockpi4b_upgrade_bootloader.sh later.
+  Done.
+== Step 2 Install ROCK Pi 4 system image to M.2 NVME SSD ==
+It is convenient to install a system image to M.2 NVME SSD. System images used include [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/ubuntu/rockpi4b-ubuntu-bionic-minimal-20190104_2101-gpt.img.gz Ubuntu Server] and [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/debian/rockpi4_debian_stretch_lxde_armhf_20181105_2120-gpt.img.gz Debian Desktop].
+Put the M.2 NVME SSD into M.2 NVMe SSD Reader Adapter, and then insert them to PC.
+When they are ready, use tool command '''dd''' or APP '''Etcher''' to install system image to M.2 NVME SSD.
+==== Use Etcher APP====
+Click [https://wiki.radxa.com/Rockpi4/install/NVME here].
+==== Use tool command "dd"====
+Get your NVME SSD device path:
+    sudo fdisk -l
+You can see the output message just like this:
+    Disk '''/dev/nvme0n1''': 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors             #The '/dev/nvme0n1' is your NVME SSD device path
+    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+Write Image:
+    sudo dd if=''''your image path'''' of=''''your NVME SSD device path'''' bs=1M
+    #such as: sudo dd if=rockpi4-debian-stretch-desktop-arm64-20190710_1940-gpt.img of=/dev/nvme0n1 bs=1M
+== Step 3 Test M.2 NVME SSD booting from SPI Flash ==
+Power off ROCK Pi 4, remove eMMC module or uSD Card from ROCK Pi 4 since there is a system image in eMMC module or uSD Card.
+Insert M.2 NVME SSD into ROCK Pi 4.
+Power on ROCK Pi 4 and the system runs on M.2 NVME SSD. Now we need to check out some important information.
+Use lsusb to see whether the fourth partition is mounted on /boot directory. If not, just install package, rockchip-fstab, which will add the following lines in file /etc/fstab. If the contents of /etc/fstab are incorrect, just modify it. Then execute '''sudo mount -a'''.
+The contents of files /etc/fstab.
+  # UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
+  # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
+  #
+  # <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
+  /dev/nvme0n1p4  /boot   vfat    defaults        0       2
+'''lsblk''' should show like this when the system runs on M.2 NVMEE SSD.
+  root@linaro-alip:/boot# lsblk
+  NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
+  nvme0n1     259:0    0 232.9G  0 disk
+  ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0   3.9M  0 part
+  ├─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0     4M  0 part
+  ├─nvme0n1p3 259:3    0     4M  0 part
+  ├─nvme0n1p4 259:4    0   112M  0 part /boot
+  └─nvme0n1p5 259:5    0 232.8G  0 part /
+Since the fourth partition, /dev/nvme0n1p4, is mounted on /boot directory. Now you need to update necessary u-boot and kernel packages.
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y rockchip-overlay
+  $ sudo apt-get install -y linux-4.4-latest rockpi4-dtbo rockpi4b-rk-u-boot-latest
+Modify file, /boot/hw_intfc.conf. Uncomment these lines. Thus we can use SPI Flash device (/dev/mtd0)
+ intfc:uart4=off
+ intfc:spi1=on
+ intfc:dtoverlay=spi1-flash
+Reboot the Pi.
+== Step 4 Enable PCIe Gen2 mode to get max speed ==
+By default, the PCIe of ROCK Pi 4 runs on Gen1 mode for the most capability. Once you confirm that your NVMe works well you can try to enable the PCIe gen2 mode to get the max speed of NVMe(reading/writing > 1000MB/s).
+To enable PCIe gen2 mode, make sure you are booting on NVMe as rootfs and /boot is mounted:
+      ├─nvme0n1p4 259:4    0   112M  0 part /boot
+edit '''/boot/hw_intfc.conf''', uncomment the line:
+    intfc:dtoverlay=pcie-gen2
+save and reboot. You should have a higher speed on NVMe.
+== FAQs ==
+* u-boot supporting NVME booting  version
+** '''2017.09-2676-g4490220395''' (or newer)
+* kernel version
+** '''4.4.154-90-rockchip-ga14f6502e045''' (or newer)
+* rockpi4-dtbo version
+** 4 (or newer)
+* Debug log
+  rock@ubuntu:~$ ls /dev/mtd*
+  /dev/mtd0  /dev/mtd0ro  /dev/mtdblock0
+  rock@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/mtd
+  dev:    size   erasesize  name
+  mtd0: 00400000 00001000 "loader"
+  rock@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmesg | grep spi
+  [sudo] password for rock:
+  [    2.227001] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: Failed to request TX DMA channel
+  [    2.227587] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: Failed to request RX DMA channel
+  [    2.228171] rockchip-spi ff1d0000.spi: no high_speed pinctrl state
+  [    2.229257] m25p80 spi32766.0: xt25f32b (4096 Kbytes)
+  [    2.229715] 1 ofpart partitions found on MTD device spi32766.0
+  [    2.230273] Creating 1 MTD partitions on "spi32766.0":
+* Verified SPI Flash
+** W25Q64FV
+** GD25Q127CSIG
+** XT25F32B
+** XT25F128B
+* How to know that the image has been successfully installed to SPI Flash?
+** For the newest version of u-boot, when it runs, the red(or blue) led is on.
+** You can remove booting devices such as uSD card, eMMC module, and so on. Power on ROCK Pi 4 with SPI Flash on board to see if the red(or blue)  led is on. If yes, it means that you make it.
+* Check if there is an SPI flash on ROCK Pi 4 board. See [[rockpi4/hardware/spi_flash | SPI Flash]].
+== Change log ==
+=== uboot-trust-spi-20190816_1128.img ===
+* Check
+** md5sum: 45e8f258d8fcdf3c2d5571b37c30716c
+** sha256sum: 7f453ccd2009df3b6aaa2ab37b465f78cdd5962c665726651c86237a8b041095
+* Support MS Dos(MBR) partition table
+* Support Armbian system image for ROCK Pi 4.
+== Troubleshooting ==
+* If you have an issue, start a new post on the forum. https://forum.radxa.com/