Zero/install/eMMC
Radxa Zero > Installation > Install image to eMMC
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How to install raw images to Radxa Zero eMMC
This guide describes how to install the raw images to Radxa Zero eMMC. Raw images is compared to amlupdate format image(which is a private image format). Raw images can be mount and open on host PCs. Most of the Linux images released are raw images. Android on the other hand contains images of its partitions, which result in many raw images that can't be flashed like Linux distro.
NOTE: We are currently updating Zero Wiki. Android instruction in this page is currently not complete. If your eMMC contains Android and wish to reinstall Android, do not erase eMMC and following the old guide for now. We will add guide to create Android partition layout later to support use case such as switch from Linux back to Android.
Requirement
- Radxa Zero
- A PC/laptop running Windows, Linux, or macOS
- USB A to C cable or C to C cable, depending on your host
- A supported Linux image, or
- Android 9 image, which should be unzipped after downloading, and you will find files like this in the folder:
$ ls android-info.txt dtbo.img flash-all.sh product.img vbmeta.img boot.img dt.img logo.img recovery.img vendor.img bootloader.img flash-all.bat odm.img system.img
bootloader.img will be needed later to run Zero in fastboot mode.
Windows
Step 1: Wipe eMMC
Please follow this guide to wipe eMMC. Do not close RZ USB Boot Helper when you finish.
Step 2A: Flash Linux images
First download the RZ USB disk loader, select rz-udisk-loader.bin in RZ USB Boot Helper, and click Run.
Your computer should detect a new storage device after the code is loaded.
You can now flash your Linux image using balenaEtcher similar to flash microSD card. Except you don't have to insert a card this time. Choose the new device detected in Step 2 as your target drive and proceed as normal.
Step 2B: Flash Android 9
Select extracted bootloader.img in RZ USB Boot Helper, and click Run to run Radxa Zero in fastboot mode.
Then Open Windows PowerShell from the Start Menu and execute this command to install fastboot tool:
iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/corbindavenport/nexus-tools/master/install.ps1'))
Execute flash-all.bat from extracted Android 9 image folder to flash all partitions to eMMC.
If Zero did not reboot automatically after flashing, you should reconnect USB cable to reboot it.
Linux & macOS
For Linux and macOS, we use amlogic boot tool to download the bootloader and boot the Zero into the USB Disk mode. This is to expose the eMMC to host PC as a USB Disk. Then we can use dd or other tools to write images to the USB Disk(eMMC).
Step 1: Wipe eMMC
Please follow this guide to wipe eMMC. Depending on which image you want to flash, you may or may not power cycle your Radxa Zero in the end, so it is in the right mode for flashing.
Step 2A: Flash Linux images
Download the USB disk loader and run it on Zero
wget https://dl.radxa.com/zero/images/loader/rz-udisk-loader.bin boot-g12.py rz-udisk-loader.bin
It should output:
Firmware Version : ROM: 3.2 Stage: 0.0 Need Password: 0 Password OK: 1 Writing rz-udisk-loader.bin at 0xfffa0000... [DONE] Running at 0xfffa0000... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=16384, offset=65536, seq=0... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=49152, offset=393216, seq=1... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=16384, offset=229376, seq=2... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=49152, offset=245760, seq=3... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=49152, offset=294912, seq=4... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=16384, offset=65536, seq=5... [DONE] AMLC dataSize=1406320, offset=81920, seq=6... [DONE] [BL2 END]
Now lsusb should show the following device:
Bus 001 Device 082: ID 1b8e:2200 Amlogic, Inc. USB download gadget Serial: AMLG12A-RADXA-ZERO
The Zero is in USB disk mode now, your computer should popup a new USB drive. On macOS you will get a disk not readable popup. Just click Ignore:
On Linux you will get following output from sudo dmesg:
[74292.229573] usb 1-10.2.3: new high-speed USB device number 84 using xhci_hcd [74292.330483] usb 1-10.2.3: New USB device found, idVendor=1b8e, idProduct=c003, bcdDevice= 0.20 [74292.330487] usb 1-10.2.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [74292.330488] usb 1-10.2.3: Product: GX-CHIP [74292.330489] usb 1-10.2.3: Manufacturer: Amlogic [74303.432510] usb 1-10.2.3: USB disconnect, device number 84 [74303.665204] usb 1-10.2.3: new high-speed USB device number 85 using xhci_hcd [74303.769674] usb 1-10.2.3: New USB device found, idVendor=1b8e, idProduct=2200, bcdDevice=99.99 [74303.769678] usb 1-10.2.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [74303.769679] usb 1-10.2.3: Product: USB download gadget [74303.769680] usb 1-10.2.3: Manufacturer: Radxa [74303.769681] usb 1-10.2.3: SerialNumber: AMLG12A-RADXA-ZERO [74303.771008] usb-storage 1-10.2.3:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [74303.771133] scsi host4: usb-storage 1-10.2.3:1.0 [74304.785353] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access Linux Radxa Zero UDisk 0ff PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [74304.785506] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [74304.785679] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] 60749504 512-byte logical blocks: (31.1 GB/29.0 GiB) [74304.785796] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [74304.785798] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 0f 00 00 00 [74304.785916] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [74304.833523] sdc: sdc1 [74304.861751] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk [74305.424709] EXT4-fs (sdc1): recovery complete [74305.425517] EXT4-fs (sdc1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode. Opts: (null). Quota mode: none.
You can now use dd to write the raw image to the eMMC on Zero now.
sudo dd if=/path/to/image of=/dev/new_dev bs=1M sync
Carefully Eject the Zero USB drive and unplug and plug the power, Zero should boot the new image now.
Step 2B: Flash Android 9
Nexus Tools is an installer for the Android SDK Platform Tools package, which includes ADB, Fastboot, and other applications. We use Nexus Tools to install fastboot. If you already have fastboot installed, you can skip this step.
bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/corbindavenport/nexus-tools/master/install.sh)
After it finishes, which fastboot should return you the install location.
Now execute flash-all.sh from your extracted Android folder to flash all partitions images to eMMC
$ ./flash-all.sh error: no devices/emulators found OKAY [ 0.040s] Finished. Total time: 0.040s OKAY [ 0.039s] Finished. Total time: 0.039s ... Finished. Total time: 0.038s Rebooting OKAY [ 0.002s] Finished. Total time: 0.454s
If Zero did not reboot automatically after flashing, you should reconnect USB cable to reboot it.
FAQ
1. How to erase Android?
A:
- To erase partitions
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/<emmc device> bs=1M count=500
2. Why is there no fastboot device?
A: If the board not able to run into fastboot, please try:
- If you can boot to android, try "adb reboot fastboot" or (uart console) "reboot fastboot"
- If you can visit u-boot console, execute command "fastboot"