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    [[rockpiN10 | ROCK Pi N10]] > [[rockpiN10/dev | Development]] > [[rockpiN10/dev/usb-install | Install from USB OTG ]]

This guide describes how to flash the '''GPT-FORMAT''' system image from USB OTG port.

ROCK Pi N10 comes with on board eMMC, you can install images to eMMC with USB. The installation is running in Maskrom mode, which is a special running mode that the CPU is waiting for command from USB OTG port. We can flash the system image on Windwos/Linux/Mac. We recommend AndroidTool on Windows PC while rkdeveloptool on Linux/Mac. 

=== Requirement ===
* ROCK Pi N10 main board
* Power adapter
* '''USB Male A to Male A cable'''(important) USB-C has been seen as not working, an adaptor for USB-C to USB-A has worked. [https://forum.radxa.com/t/otg-flashing-not-working/717 See discussion].

=== Boot the board to Maskrom mode ===

To boot ROCK Pi N10 into maskrom mode is simple since we have the maskrom key on board.
* Power off the board and '''remove any bootable storage media''' such as microSD card. If you have bootloader in SPI flash, you need to shortcut SPI flash first as picture below. Or you can erase SPI flash at first.

[[File:Rockpin10_spi_shortcut.jpeg | 300px ]](click to view large image)

* Plug the USB Male A to Mail A cable to ROCK Pi N10 OTG port(the front USB3 port), the other side to PC

[[File:Rockpin10_usb_install.jpeg | 300px ]](click to view large image)

* Power on the board
* Press and hold the '''maskrom''' key, short press the '''reset''' key

[[File:Rockpin10_maskrom_key.jpeg | 300px]](click to view large image)

* Release the '''maskrom''' key

Check if the board is in the maskrom mode.

Now on your Linux/MAC PC, '''lsusb''' command would show the following usb devices

  Bus 001 Device 014: ID 2207:330c Fuzhou Rockchip Electronics Company RK3399 in Mask ROM mode

On windows PC, you will see it within device manager.

[[File:RK_Driver_Assistant_Install_Usb_driver.png]]

=== Operation on Windows PC ===

==== Setup tools Rockchip_DriverAssitant ====

Download and extract [https://dl.radxa.com/rock/tools/windows/DriverAssitant_v4.8.zip Rockchip_DriverAssitant V4.8].

Then double click on DriverInstall.exe in the Rockchip_DriverAssitant_v4.8 directory to start the utility.

press the button "Install Driver" and a window showing "Install driver ok." is popped up. 

When ROCK Pi N10 is in Maskrom mode, you will see a Rockusb device on the device manager window.

[[File:RK_Driver_Assistant_Install_Usb_driver.png]]

Now the driver has been installed successfully!

==== Flash system image via AndroidTool ====

Download and extract [https://dl.radxa.com/tools/windows/AndroidTool_Release_v2.69.zip AndroidTool V2.69]

* Step 1: Double click file AndroidTool.exe to start the application.
* Step 2: Select the Download Image page, you will see "Found One MASKROM device"
* Step 3: Add one item line, the Loader line. And select the loader.  [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpin10/images/loader/rk3399pro_loader_3GB_ddr_v1.22.115.bin rk3399pro_loader_3GB_ddr_v1.22.115.bin] for ROCK Pi N10 Model A and [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpin10/images/loader/rk3399pro_loader_v1.20.115.bin rk3399pro_loader_v1.20.115.bin] for ROCK Pi N10 Model B/C.
* Step 4: Add one item line, the Image line. And select the system image.
* Step  5: Click "Run" and wait until the flash work is done.

[[File:androidtool-setting.png | 800px ]]

[[File:androidtool-download-image.png | 800px ]]

=== Operation on Linux/Mac PC ===
==== Setup tool rkdeveloptool on Linux PC ====

To build rkdeveloptool on a debain based Linux distribution, follow the instruction below:

Install build dependecy:
  sudo apt-get install libudev-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev dh-autoreconf

Clone the source code and build:
  git clone https://github.com/rockchip-linux/rkdeveloptool
  cd rkdeveloptool
  autoreconf -i
  ./configure
  make

If you encounter compile error like below
  ./configure: line 4269: syntax error near unexpected token `LIBUSB1,libusb-1.0'
  ./configure: line 4269: `PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBUSB1,libusb-1.0)'

You should install pkg-config libusb-1.0
  sudo apt-get install pkg-config libusb-1.0

Then re-run 
  autoreconf -i
  ./configure
  make

Now you have rkdeveloptool executable at the current directory.
  sudo cp rkdeveloptool /usr/local/bin/

==== Setup tool rkdeveloptool on Mac PC ====

To build rkdeveloptool on macOS, you need [https://brew.sh/ homebrew](or similar package manager) to install required packages.

Install build dependency:

  brew install automake autoconf libusb

Clone the source code and build:

  git clone https://github.com/rockchip-linux/rkdeveloptool
  cd rkdeveloptool
  autoreconf -i
  ./configure
  make

If you encounter compile error like below
  ./configure: line 4269: syntax error near unexpected token `LIBUSB1,libusb-1.0'
  ./configure: line 4269: `PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBUSB1,libusb-1.0)'

You should install pkg-config libusb-1.0
  brew install pkg-config

Then re-run 
  autoreconf -i
  ./configure
  make

Now you have rkdeveloptool executable at the current directory.

  sudo cp rkdeveloptool /usr/local/bin/

==== Flash system image ====
On your PC, run the rkdeveloptool

  rkdeveloptool ld        # List the device
  DevNo=1	Vid=0x2207,Pid=0x330c,LocationID=305	Maskrom

Download the loader (flash helper) to init the ram and prepare the flashing environment etc. If you don't have it, you can download it from [https://dl.radxa.com/rockpin10/images/loader/ here]

  rkdeveloptool db rk3399pro_loader_3GB_ddr_v1.22.115.bin  # For ROCK Pi N10 Model A
    
  rkdeveloptool db rk3399pro_loader_vxxxx.bin  # For ROCK Pi N10 Model B/C

Write the GPT image to eMMC, start to write from offset '''0'''.

  rkdeveloptool wl 0 /path/to/rockpin10xxx-gpt.img

Reboot the device

  rkdeveloptool rd

Now the device should boot the new image on eMMC

==== Install by partitions(optional) ====
Sometimes we only want to update a partition of the image, for example only the boot partition to update kernel only. We can flash by partitions

{| class="wikitable"
! Part Number || Offset || Name ||  Description 
|- 
| raw|| 32KB  || loader1 || First stage loader
|-
| raw|| 8MB  || loader2 || U-boot image
|-
| raw|| 12MB || trust || ATF
|-
| 1 || 16MB || boot ||Kernel partition, bootable
|-
| 2 || 528MB ||rootfs || Rootfs
|}

When the board is in maskrom mode, flash the partitions with the following command and offset:

  rkdeveloptool db rk3399pro_loader_*.bin
  rkdeveloptool wl 64 idbloader.img
  rkdeveloptool wl 16384 uboot.img
  rkdeveloptool wl 24576 trust.img
  rkdeveloptool wl 32768 boot.img
  rkdeveloptool wl 1081344 rootfs.img

=== Troubleshooting ===

* If you have issue with flashing via USB OTG, start a new post on the forum. https://forum.radxa.com/c/dev